Other nasal and sinus issues that can affect obstructive sleep apnea
Sinusitis is just one condition that may be associated with
obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Other health concerns affecting the nose
— such as rhinitis, postnasal drip, nasal polyps or deviated septum —may
also affect your upper respiratory system and may make OSA symptoms more
noticeable.
Chronic nasal congestion and stuffy nose
Nasal congestion (a blockage of the nasal passages) can contribute to
OSA. As with sinusitis, a persistently stuffy nose can limit airflow and
make you more likely to breathe through your mouth while sleeping. You
might notice more frequent breathing interruptions during sleep, which
may make OSA symptoms feel more noticeable.4
Rhinitis (allergic and nonallergic)
Rhinitis is a condition where the inside of your nose becomes swollen
and irritated, which can make it harder to breathe through your nose.
There are three main types of rhinitis: allergic, infectious and
nonallergic. 27
Allergic rhinitis is caused by allergens such as dust, pollen or pet
dander. You might experience it consistently or have occasional
flare-ups.
Nonallergic rhinitis, also called vasomotor rhinitis, is often caused
by irritants such as smoke, pollution, or perfume. It can also result
from shifts in the weather or reactions to certain foods and
medications. Infectious rhinitis can be caused by colds and other
viruses.4
If you experience rhinitis regularly, treating it may help you sleep
more soundly. Reducing nasal congestion may also make continuous
positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy more comfortable to use.
28
Postnasal drip
Chronic sinusitis and rhinitis commonly lead to postnasal drip —
mucus that drips down the back of your throat. 29,30 The
mucus can trigger a cough, irritate soft tissues and increase your
chance of developing a sore throat.
Postnasal drip tends to get worse when you lie down. Mucus pools in
your throat, leading to nighttime coughing that can affect your sleep
and make OSA symptoms worse.7
The best way to manage postnasal drip is usually to treat what’s
causing it in the first place. For example, if allergies are triggers,
avoiding allergens may help. Using a humidifier or doing gentle nasal
rinses can also help thin mucus and ease symptoms.⁸
Nasal polyps and other structural issues
Sometimes, the structures in and around your nose may influence your
breathing and OSA symptoms. Nasal polyps (harmless growths inside your
nose) are an example. 29 They may contribute to ongoing
congestion and make it harder for air to flow freely through your nasal
passages.9
You might also struggle to breathe through your nose if the wall
between your nasal passages is angled or off-center. This condition,
called a deviated septum, can affect airflow, restrict mucus drainage,
and make you more likely to breathe through your mouth. If medications
don’t resolve your symptoms, your doctor may discuss whether surgical
options are appropriate.10
How sinus and nasal issues make sleep apnea worse
For people living with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), sinus and nasal
issues can make symptoms worse. Whether you’re dealing with chronic
sinusitis or allergic rhinitis, there are a few ways that your condition
can affect OSA.
Reduced airflow and breathing through the mouth
When your nose is blocked by swelling, mucus or the shape of your
nasal passages, it can be hard to breathe through your nose. As a
result, your body may begin to rely on breathing through your mouth
while sleeping. This may make the airway in your throat (known as the
pharyngeal airway) less stable and can increase its risk of
collapsing.11 If you already have obstructive sleep apnea
(OSA), this may lead to more frequent breathing pauses during the
night.
What’s more, breathing through your mouth is associated with
persistent dryness and poor sleep quality.12
Inflammation and airway sensitivity
Many nasal and sinus conditions are associated with inflammation
inside your sinuses and nasal passages. When swelling lasts for long
periods of time, such as with chronic sinusitis, it can irritate the
soft tissues throughout your upper airway.2 Allergies and
infections can make swelling worse, sometimes even narrowing the space
in your throat.13
Inflammation and sleep are closely linked. Persistent inflammation
can disrupt your sleep cycles and make it difficult to rest. Over time,
ongoing inflammation may contribute to poor sleep
quality.4
Overlapping symptoms and diagnosis
Sinus issues and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) have similar symptoms,
including poor sleep quality, daytime fatigue and headaches. This
overlap can make both conditions more challenging to diagnose. For
example, your doctor might diagnose you with OSA while conditions like
sinusitis may also be contributing to your symptoms.
Your doctor will use a sleep test to help diagnose sleep apnea. A
sleep test collects information from your body as you sleep. Your doctor
can use this information to determine if you have a sleep condition.
If you’re still experiencing congestion after starting treatment, it
may be helpful to see an ear, nose and throat (ENT) specialist to
identify nasal and sinus issues.15 In addition to a physical
exam of your nasal passages, your ENT may recommend allergy tests, blood
tests or a computed tomography (CT) scan. They may also use a tool
called an endoscope — a thin tube with a camera and light on one end —
to understand what’s causing your nasal or sinus symptoms.
Treatment options for sinusitis and obstructive sleep apnea
If your doctor determines that you have both sinusitis and OSA, they
may recommend a variety of treatments to reduce your congestion and
inflammation.
Once you’re diagnosed with OSA, your doctor may recommend continuous
positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy. 31 CPAP therapy is a
sleep apnea treatment that helps people breathe while they sleep. It
uses a small machine placed by your bed to gently deliver a steady flow
of air through a mask.
CPAP is a drug-free treatment with zero medication-related side
effects. 35 A typical CPAP system includes three parts: a
CPAP device, a flexible tube, and a mask that fits over your nose or
over both your nose and mouth. The gentle air pressure helps keep your
airway open, so you can breathe steadily throughout the night.
Treating nasal problems may ease symptoms and make CPAP more
comfortable, but it typically does not replace standard sleep apnea
therapy.
Medical treatments for nasal and sinus health
The following medical treatments can help with nasal and sinus
issues:
- Nasal sprays: Nasal sprays made with
corticosteroids or antihistamines can help reduce the swelling and
inflammation associated with rhinitis, nasal polyps and
sinusitis.2,16
- Saline rinses: A saline rinse may help clear
mucus and wash away irritants to help reduce
inflammation.17
- Antibiotics: If your nasal congestion is caused
by a bacterial infection, your doctor may recommend
antibiotics.2
- Allergy management: When you have allergies that
cause rhinitis, managing your exposure to allergens can help reduce
flare-ups and make it easier to breathe through your nose. That might
include avoiding allergens, using high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA)
filters and taking antihistamines, steroids or
decongestants.5